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Edited by Michael Donaghy

Disclaimer

Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up to date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages and recommendations are for the non-pregnant adult who is not breastfeeding.

Contents

Index

Numbers in italic refer to tables and/or illustrations separate from the text.

2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency [link], [link]
3,4-D-diaminopyridine [link], [link]
3,4-DL-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine [link]
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) [link]
3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase defienciency [link]
3-methylglutaconic aciduria [link]
4-aminopyridine [link], [link]
4-hydroxybutyric aciduria [link]
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency [link]
5-fluorouracil [link]
A
abacavir [link]
abdominal reflexes, superficial [link], [link]
abducens nerve see cranial nerve VI
abductor pollicis brevis [link]
power, testing [link], [link]
wasting [link]
aberrant regeneration, oculomotor (third) nerve palsies [link]
abetalipoproteinaemia [link], [link], [link]
Ab-related angiitis (ABRA) [link]
abnormal auditory adaptation [link]
absence attacks [link], [link]
absence epilepsies [link], [link], [link]
acadian Friedreich’s ataxia [link]
acalculia [link]
accessory molecules [link]
accessory nerve see cranial nerve XI
accessory olfactory system [link]
Accutane [link]
acetaminophen [link]
acetazolamide
altitude sickness [link]
cerebral perfusion reserve [link]
CSF formation [link]
episodic ataxia [link]
idiopathic intracranial hypertension [link]
primary hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis [link]
primary hypokalaemic periodic paralysis [link]
raised CSF pressure headache [link]
vestibular disease [link]
acetylcholine receptors, seizures and epilepsy [link]
Achilles tendon reflex [link], [link]
achondroplasia [link]
achromatopsia [link], [link]
occipital lobes [link]
aciclovir see acyclovir
acid maltase deficiency [link]
acidurias, organic [link]
acoustic impedance measurements [link], [link]
acoustic neuromas [link]
clinical features and imaging diagnosis [link], [link]
radiotherapy [link]
surgery [link]
vestibular dysfunction [link]
acoustic trauma [link]
acquired ataxias of childhood
infections and acute cerebellar ataxia [link]
opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome [link]
acquired hepatocerebral degeneration [link]
acquired immune deficiency syndrome see AIDS
acquired neuromyotonia [link], [link]
acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans [link]
acromegaly [link], [link]
acrylamide [link], [link]
ACTH excess [link]
actinomycosis [link]
action myoclonus renal failure syndrome [link]
active head-only rotational testing [link], [link]
activities, assessment of [link], [link]
acupuncture [link], [link]
acute angle closure glaucoma [link]
acute confusional states (acute brain syndrome) [link]
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis [link]
acute encephalopathy (confusional states) [link]
acute idiopathic big blind spot syndrome (AIBBSS) [link]
acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) [link]
acute sclerosing panencephalitis [link]
acute vertigo [link]
acute zonule occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) [link]
acyclovir
Bell’s palsy [link]
encephalitis [link], [link], [link], [link],
herpes zoster neuropathy [link]
meningitis [link], [link]
multiple sclerosis [link]
postherpetic neuralgia [link]
radiculopathies [link]
Ramsay–Hunt syndrome [link], [link]
sacrococcygeal lesions [link]
spinal cord disorders [link]
trigeminal herpes zoster [link]
acyl-CoA oxidase/D-bifunctional protein deficiencies [link]
adaptive development [link]
Addison’s disease [link], [link], [link], [link]
adenomas, pituitary [link]
adenosine deaminase deficiency [link]
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) [link]
adenylosuccinase deficiency [link]
adenylsuccinate lyase deficiency [link]
adhesive arachnoiditis [link], [link]
Adie, W.D. [link]
adrenocortical failure [link]
adrenoleukodystrophy [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
neonatal [link]
neurogenetics [link]
adrenomyeloneuropathy [link], [link]
adriamycin [link]
Adrian, E.D. [link]
advanced sleep phase syndrome [link]
aerobic exercise tests, myopathies [link]
afferent evoked potentials [link], [link]
afferent pupillary pathway lesions [link]
African trypanosomiasis [link]
clinical features [link]
diagnosis and treatment [link]
trypanosomiasis life cycle [link]
age factors
atypical facial pain [link]
Eagle’s syndrome [link]
epilepsy [link], [link], [link]
postherpetic neuralgia [link]
ageing
olfaction [link]
sleep [link]
vertigo and imbalance [link]
age-related hearing loss [link]
ageusia [link], [link]
agnosias [link], [link]
agoraphobia [link]
agraphesthesia [link]
agraphia [link]
agricultural chemicals, polyneuropathy due to [link]
agyria-pachygria [link]
Aicardi–Goutières syndrome [link], [link]
Aicardi syndrome [link]
AIDS
antiretroviral therapy [link]
brain tumours [link]
differential diagnosis [link]
encephalitis [link]
encephalopathy [link]
hearing loss [link]
historical overview [link]
inflammatory myopathy [link]
optic neuritis, atypical [link]
profile of HIV infection [link]
radiculopathies [link]
retinal disorders [link]
toxoplasmosis [link]
vestibular dysfunction [link]
see also HIV
akathisia, drug-induced [link]
akinesia [link], [link]
akinetic mutism [link], [link]
akinetic rigid disorders [link], [link]
corticobasal degeneration [link]
dementia with Lewy bodies [link]
multiple system atrophy [link], [link]
pallidal degenerations [link]
Parkinsonism: ‘cerebrovascular’ [link]
Parkinsonism: drug-induced [link], [link]
Parkinsonism: postencephalitic [link]
Parkinsonism: posttraumatic [link]
Parkinsonism: toxic [link]
Parkinson’s disease: early-onset [link]
Parkinson’s disease: idiopathic [link]
progressive supranuclear palsy [link]
akinetopsia [link]
albendazole [link], [link]
Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score (ASPECTS) [link]
albinism [link]
alcohol
dementia [link]
injection, trigeminal neuralgia [link]
intoxication [link], [link]
polyneuropathy [link]
withdrawal [link], [link], [link]
alcoholic cerebellar ataxia [link]
alcoholic neuropathy [link]
alcoholics, olfactory impairment [link]
alcohol-induced tremor [link]
alcohol-related myopathies [link]
alcohol toxicity [link]
cerebellar degeneration [link]
cerebral pontine myelinolysis [link]
dementia [link]
ethanol withdrawal and delirium tremens [link]
Marchiafava–Bignami disease [link]
methanol poisoning [link]
myopathy [link]
peripheral neuropathy [link]
seizures [link]
stroke [link]
Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome [link]
aldosteronism, primary [link]
alemtuzumab [link], [link]
alendronate [link]
Alexander disease [link], [link]
Alexander’s Law [link], [link], [link]
alexia [link], [link]
without agraphia [link], [link]
algodystrophy [link]
alien limb sign, corticobasal degeneration [link]
alkyl-dihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase deficiency [link]
Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome [link]
Allbutt, Clifford [link]
allodynia [link], [link], [link]
allopurinol [link], [link]
allylglycine [link]
almotriptan [link]
Alpers progressive sclerosing poliodystrophy [link], [link], [link], [link]
alpha coma [link]
alpha interferon [link], [link]
alpha-methyl-acyl-CoA racemase deficiency [link]
alphavirus encephalitis [link], [link], [link], [link]
clinical features [link]
epidemiology [link]
investigation and diagnosis [link]
treatment and prevention [link]
Alport syndrome [link]
Alstrom syndrome [link]
alteplase [link]
alternate cover test [link], [link]
altitude sickness [link]
aluminium toxicity [link]
Alzheimer’s disease [link], [link], [link]
aluminium toxicity [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
memory loss [link]
myoclonus [link]
neuropathology [link], [link]
olfactory impairment [link]
Parkinsonism [link]
PET [link]
posterior cortical atrophy [link]
saccade disorders [link]
seizures [link]
simultanagnosia [link]
tacrine randomized controlled trial [link]
treatment [link]
amacrine cells [link]
amantadine
corticobasal degeneration [link]
Huntington’s disease [link]
multiple sclerosis [link]
multiple system atrophy [link]
Parkinson’s disease [link]
progressive supranuclear palsy [link]
rabies [link]
amaurosis fugax [link]
causes [link]
central retinal artery occlusion [link]
transient ischaemi attacks, [link]
ambulatory recording technique, EEG in epilepsy [link]
American trypanosomiasis [link]
amikacin [link]
amiloride [link]
amino acid disorders [link], [link], [link]
aminoglycoside antibiotics [link]
aminophylline [link], [link]
amiodarone [link], [link], [link], [link]
Amish infantile onset epilepsy syndrome [link]
amitriptyline
applications [link]
chronic daily headache [link]
diabetic polyneuropathy [link]
diabetic truncal neuropathy [link]
dysphagia [link]
encephalitis [link]
glossopharyngeal neuralgia [link]
migraine [link]
multiple sclerosis [link], [link]
neuropathic pain [link]
Parkinson’s disease [link]
post-herpetic neuralgia [link]
post-traumatic headache [link]
post-traumatic syndrome [link]
seizures [link]
syphilis [link]
tension-type headache [link]
trigeminal neuralgia [link]
vestibular disease [link]
amnesia [link]
amnesic shellfish poisoning [link]
amoebal infestation [link]
amoebic dysentery [link]
amoebic encephalitis [link]
amoxycillin [link], [link]
amphetamines
cerebrovascular diseases [link]
Kleine–Levin syndrome [link]
movement disorders [link]
recreational drug abuse [link]
seizures [link]
vasculitis [link]
amphotericin
amoebic encephalitis [link]
aspergillosis [link]
blastomycosis [link]
coccidioidomycosis [link]
HIV [link]
intracranial suppuration [link]
meningitis [link], [link]
mucormycosis [link]
ophthalmoplegia, painful [link]
orbital infections [link]
ampicillin
encephalitis [link]
leptospirosis [link]
meningitis [link], [link], [link]
seizures [link]
amplification resistant mutation system [link]
amputation [link]
Amsler grid test [link]
amusia [link], [link]
amygdalo-hippocampectomy [link]
amyloid angiopathy [link]
amyloid neuropathy [link], [link]
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease (ALS/MND) [link], [link]
apoptosis [link]
cellular features of motor neurones predisposing to neurodegeneration [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
combined ocular motor nerve palsies [link]
cytoskeleton and axonal transport [link]
diagnostic criteria [link], [link]
differential diagnosis [link], [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
disease pathogenesis [link]
epidemiology [link]
excitotoxicity [link]
genetics [link], [link]
hypoglossal nerve lesions [link], [link]
inflammatory cascades and the role of non-neuronal cells [link]
investigation [link]
management [link], [link]
mitochondrial dysfunction [link]
neuroprotective therapy [link], [link]
oxidative stress [link]
paraneoplastic disorders [link], [link]
pathology [link], [link]
protein aggregation [link]
rehabilitation [link]
risk factors [link]
small hand muscle wasting [link]
speech production disorders [link]
spinal cord [link], [link]
supportive care and symptom control [link], [link], [link]
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–Parkinsonism–dementia complex [link]
anaemia [link], [link]
anaesthesia dolorosa, facial [link]
analgesia [link]
anal reflex [link], [link]
anaplastic astrocytomas [link]
anaplastic oligodendroglioma [link], [link]
ANCA-related vasculitis [link]
Andersen–Tawil syndrome [link]
anencephaly [link], [link], [link]
aneurysms, optic tract syndrome [link]
aneurysm surgery, post-craniotomy seizures [link]
Angelman syndrome [link]
epilepsy [link], [link]
learning difficulties [link]
angioendotheliosis, malignant [link]
angiogram negative subarachnoid haemorrhage [link]
angiokeratoma corporis diffusum [link], [link]
anhidrotic sensory neuropathy, hereditary [link], [link]
animal poisons, bites, and stings [link]
aniridia [link]
anisocoria [link]
differentiation [link], [link]
sympathetic pathway lesions [link]
ankle clonus [link], [link]
ankle dorsiflexion power [link], [link]
ankle tendon jerks [link], [link], [link],
ankylosing spondylitis [link], [link], [link]
anomic aphasia [link]
anorexia nervosa [link]
anosmia [link]
causes and management [link]
classification [link]
evaluation [link]
multiple sclerosis [link]
as spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage complication [link]
anosognosia [link]
acute confusional states [link]
Alzheimer’s disease [link]
cortical blindness [link]
parietal lobes [link]
Antabuse [link]
anterior cerebral artery [link]
anterior choroidal artery [link]
anterior communicating artery [link]
anterior cord syndrome [link], [link]
anterior horn cell lesions [link]
anterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome see lateral ponto-medullary infarction
anterior interosseous nerve [link]
anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy [link], [link]
optic atrophy [link]
anterior junction syndrome [link]
anterior optic neuritis [link]
anterior tibial syndrome [link]
anteriotemporal lobectomy [link]
anterograde amnesia [link]
anterolateral cordotomy [link]
anthrax [link]
anticipation
cerebellar ataxia [link], [link]
Huntington’s disease [link]
myotonic dystrophy [link], [link]
anticipatory postural adjustments [link]
anticonvulsants, optic nerve hypoplasia [link]
antigen presenting cells [link]
antiphospholipid syndrome [link]
chorea [link]
differential diagnosis [link]
stroke [link]
systemic lupus erythematosus [link]
transverse myelitis [link]
antiretroviral drugs, polyneuropathy [link]
antisaccades [link]
antitoxin, diphtheria [link]
Anton’s syndrome [link], [link]
anxiety [link]
atypical facial pain [link]
autonomic overactivity [link]
neuropathic pain [link]
psychologically determined disorders [link], [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
vestibular disorders [link], [link]
aorta, instrumentation [link]
aortic dissection [link]
traumatic [link]
aortic valve calcification [link]
apallic syndrome [link]
Apert syndrome [link]
aphasia [link]
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease [link]
subcortical structures [link]
tests [link]
aphemia [link]
aplasia of the VIII cranial nerve [link]
apomorphine [link]
Apparent Diffusion Co-efficient image [link]
apperceptive agnosia [link], [link]
apraxia [link]
parietal lobes [link]
subcortical structures [link]
aquaporin 4, blood–brain barrier [link]
arachnoid cysts [link], [link], [link]
arachnoiditis [link], [link], [link]
radiological contrast agent toxicity [link]
small hand muscle wasting [link]
syringomyelia [link]
arboviral encephalitides [link], [link], [link], [link]
arch aortography [link]
arginase deficiency [link], [link]
argininaemia [link]
arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency [link]
argininosuccinic aciduria [link]
arginosuccinate lyase [link]
arginosuccinate synthetase deficiency [link]
Argyll Robertson pupils [link]
argyrophilic grain dementia [link]
arimoclomol [link], [link]
arms, examination [link], [link]
arm swing, and gait [link]
arm tendon reflexes [link], [link]
Arnold–Chiari malformations see Chiari I malformation; Chiari II malformation
aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency [link]
arrested hydrocephalus [link]
arsenic poisoning [link]
artemether [link]
artemisinin [link]
arterial anomalies, congenital [link]
arterial disorders, rare [link], [link]
arterial dissection and trauma [link], [link], [link]
imaging [link], [link]
arteriography [link]
arteriovenous malformations [link]
intracerebral haemorrhage [link], [link]
post-craniotomy seizures [link]
spinal cord [link], [link]
arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy [link]
artesunate [link]
arthrogryposis and spinal muscular atrophy [link]
aseptic meningitis [link], [link]
enterovirus meningitis [link]
epidemiology [link]
herpes virus meningitis [link]
recurrent [link], [link], [link]
aspartylglucosaminuria [link]
Asperger syndrome [link], [link]
aspergillosis [link], [link]
aspirin
chronic subdural haematoma [link]
endocarditis, infective [link]
intracerebral haemorrhage [link]
Lyme disease [link]
medication overuse headache [link]
migraine [link], [link]
Reye syndrome [link]
rheumatic chorea [link]
Sturge–Weber syndrome [link]
tension-type headache [link]
vestibular disease [link]
assisted respiration [link]
associated reactions, postural reflexes [link]
associative visual agnosia [link], [link]
astereognosis [link], [link], [link]
astereopsis [link]
asterixis [link], [link]
astigmatism [link]
astrocytes
axonal regeneration [link]
generation [link], [link]
macroglial lineages [link], [link]
astrocytic end-feet/foot processes, blood–brain barrier [link]
astrocytomas [link], [link]
biological factors [link]
clinical features and imaging diagnosis [link], [link], [link]
epilepsy [link]
genetic factors [link], [link]
spinal cord [link]
astroglial scar [link]
asymmetrical cortical degeneration [link]
asymptomatic syphilis [link]
ataxia
acquired ataxias of childhood [link]
cerebellar see cerebellar ataxia
congenital early-onset [link]
differential diagnosis [link]
DNA repair defects [link]
early-onset, with oculomotor apraxia and hypo-albuminaemia [link]
early-onset hereditary degenerative [link]
episodic [link]
late-onset hereditary cerebellar [link]
metabolic [link]
mitochondrial disorders [link], [link]
testing for [link], [link]
vestibular dysfunction [link]
vitamin E deficiency [link]
ataxia telangiectasia [link], [link], [link], [link]
dystonia [link]
Lewy bodies [link]
ocular motor apraxia [link]
ataxic dysarthria [link]
ataxic hemiparesis [link]
ataxic polyneuropathy, chronic [link], [link]
atenolol [link]
atheroma [link], [link]
atherosclerosis [link], [link], [link]
atherothromboembolism [link], [link]
atlanto-axial subluxation [link]
atlastin related hereditary spastic paraplegia [link]
atomoxetine [link]
atonic seizures [link]
atorvastatin [link], [link]
atovaquine [link]
ATP [link]
atrial fibrillation [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
atrial septal aneurysm [link]
atrophic papulosis, malignant [link]
atropine [link], [link], [link]
attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome [link]
audiometry [link]
auditory afferent pathway [link], [link]
auditory agnosia [link], [link]
auditory aura [link]
auditory brainstem implants [link]
Auditory Disconnection Profile [link]
auditory dysfunction see hearing, disorders of
auditory dyssynchrony [link]
auditory efferent pathway [link], [link]
auditory hallucinations [link], [link]
auditory nerve [link]
auditory neuropathy see auditory dyssynchrony
auditory processing disorders [link], [link]
auditory system, clinical examination [link]
Australian X disease [link]
autism and autistic spectrum disorders [link], [link]
autoantibodies [link]
channelopathies, acquired [link]
coeliac disease [link]
dysthyroid eye disease [link]
Hashimoto’s encephalopathy [link]
stiff man syndrome [link]
autoimmune ataxia [link]
autoimmune disease, CNS [link]
autoimmune inner ear disease [link]
hearing loss [link]
and Menière disease, differential diagnosis [link], [link]
autoimmune-mediated sensorineural hearing loss [link]
autoimmunity [link]
autonomic disorders [link]
autonomic function testing [link], [link]
causes [link], [link]
clinical features [link]
autonomic dysreflexia [link]
autonomic function testing [link], [link]
autonomic hyperactivity [link]
autonomic neuropathies [link], [link]
acute [link]
chronic [link]
autonomic overactivity [link]
autoregulation, cerebral blood flow [link], [link]
autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias [link], [link]
with sensory neuropathy [link]
type II [link], [link], [link]
type III [link]
autosomal dominant inheritance [link]
autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy [link]
autosomal dominant optic atrophy [link]
autosomal dominant Parkinson’s disease [link]
autosomal dominant proximal spinal muscular atrophy [link]
autosomal dominant sensory neuropathy [link], [link]
autosomal recessive Gaucher’s disease [link]
autosomal recessive inheritance [link]
autosomal recessive optic atrophy [link]
autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease [link]
autosomal recessive sensory neuropathy [link], [link]
autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix–Saguenay [link]
autosomal-dominant hearing loss [link]
autosomal-recessive hearing loss [link]
autotopagnosia [link]
Avonex™ [link], [link]
awakening seizures [link]
axial dyspraxia [link]
axial dystonia [link]
axillary nerve [link], [link], [link]
axonal degeneration [link], [link]
polyneuropathies [link]
axonal demyelination [link], [link]
axonal injury, mechanisms of [link], [link]
axonal myelination [link], [link]
axonal regeneration [link]
axonal remyelination [link], [link]
axonotmesis [link]
azathioprine
autoimmune disease [link]
cerebral vasculitis [link]
dermatomyositis [link]
giant cell arteritis [link]
Hashimoto’s encephalopathy [link]
inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, chronic [link]
Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome [link]
multiple sclerosis [link], [link], [link]
myasthenia gravis [link]
polymyositis [link]
polyneuropathy [link]
sarcoidosis [link]
systemic lupus erythematosus [link]
azidothymidine [link]
azithromycin [link], [link]
azothiaprine [link]

B
Babinski, Joseph [link], [link]
Babinski sign [link], [link], [link], [link]
baclofen
action [link]
Friedreich’s ataxia [link]
glossopharyngeal neuralgia [link], [link]
hemifacial spasm [link]
hereditary spastic paraplegia [link]
micturition disorders [link]
multiple sclerosis [link], [link], [link]
myoclonus [link]
neuropathic pain [link]
Parkinson’s disease [link]
periodic alternating nystagmus [link]
primary torsion dystonia [link]
progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity [link]
spasticity [link], [link]
stiff person syndrome [link], [link], [link]
tardive dyskinesia [link]
tetanus [link]
Tourette’s syndrome [link]
trigeminal neuralgia [link], [link]
trochlear nerve palsies [link]
vestibular disease [link]
bacterial infections, and vestibular dysfunction [link]
bacterial meningitis
antibiotics [link]
causes and epidemiology [link], [link]
clinical features [link], [link], [link]
complications [link], [link]
pathogenesis [link]
seizures [link]
Baglivi, Giorgio [link]
Baillie, Matthew [link]
balance
mechanism [link], [link]
physiology [link]
Balint’s syndrome [link], [link]
ballism [link], [link]
pathophysiology [link]
see also chorea
balloon microcompression of the gasserian ganglion [link]
Balo’s concentric sclerosis [link]
Baltic myoclonus [link]
Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcba syndrome [link]
Bannwarth’s syndrome [link]
cranial nerve palsies [link]
differential diagnosis [link]
neuropathy [link]
barbiturate withdrawal [link]
Bardsley, Sir James [link]
barotrauma
hearing loss [link]
otitis [link]
vestibular dysfunction [link]
Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index [link], [link]
brain tumours [link]
stroke rehabilitation [link]
Barth syndrome [link], [link]
bartonella [link]
basal ganglia
acetylcholine [link]
anatomy and physiology [link], [link]
calcification [link]
connections and functional loops [link], [link]
dopamine [link]
movement regulation and coordination [link]
transmitters [link]
basal ganglia disorders
neurosurgical interventions [link], [link]
pathophysiology [link], [link]
basilar artery [link]
basilar branch occlusion [link]
basilar impression [link]
basilar migraine [link]
Batten’s disease [link], [link], [link]
Battle’s sign [link], [link]
Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID-II) [link]
Beck Anxiety and Depression Scale [link]
Beck Depression Inventory [link], [link]
Becker muscular dystrophy [link], [link], [link]
bee stings [link]
Beevor’s sign [link]
behavioural conditions
epilepsy in children [link]
misdiagnosis as epilepsy [link]
see also specific conditions
behavioural tests [link], [link]
Behçet’s disease [link], [link]
autoimmune inner ear disease [link]
differential diagnosis [link]
epilepsy [link]
hearing loss [link]
stroke [link]
Behr’s syndrome [link], [link]
Bell, Sir Charles [link], [link], [link], [link]
Bell’s palsy [link]
borreliosis [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
gustatory impairment [link]
prognosis [link], [link]
vestibular dysfunction [link]
bendroflumethazide [link]
bends, the [link]
Benedikt’s syndrome [link], [link], [link]
benign drop attacks [link]
benign epilepsy
with centrotemporal spikes [link], [link]
with occipital spikes [link], [link]
benign essential tremor [link]
benign familial neonatal convulsions [link]
benign idiopathic neonatal convulsions [link]
benign paraproteinaemia [link]
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo [link], [link]
clinical assessment [link]
management [link], [link]
particle repositioning procedures [link]
benign paroxysmal torticollis [link]
benign paroxysmal vertigo [link], [link]
benign partial epilepsy of infancy [link]
benign Rolandic epilepsy [link], [link]
benign sleep monoclonus [link]
Bennett, Alexander Hughes [link]
benzhexol [link], [link]
benzonidazole [link]
benzserazide [link]
benzylpenicillin [link], [link], [link]
Berger, Hans [link]
beriberi [link]
Berliner–Blue [link]
Berry aneurysm [link]
Betaferon™ [link], [link]
betahistine [link]
betamethasone [link]
b-oxidation disorders [link]
Betaseron™ [link], [link]
bethanecol [link]
Bethlem myopathy [link]
Betz cells, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease [link]
biceps power [link], [link]
biceps reflex [link], [link], [link]
Bichat, Xavier [link]
Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis [link], [link]
bicucculine [link]
bidirectional nystagmus [link]
Bielschowsky manoeuvre [link], [link]
Biemond’s ataxia [link]
bilateral horizontal gaze palsy [link]
bilateral parietal lobe disorders [link]
bilateral uncal herniation [link]
bilateral vestibular failure [link]
biliary cirrhosis, primary [link]
bilirubin encephalopathy [link]
binocular diplopia [link]
Binswanger’s disease [link], [link], [link]
biological warfare agents [link]
biopsychosocial model of illness [link]
bioterrorism [link], [link]
biotinidase deficiency [link], [link], [link], [link]
biotin metabolism [link]
birth lesions, brachial plexus [link]
bismuth [link], [link], [link]
blackouts [link], [link]
bladder [link], [link]
control, disturbances of see micturition disorders
Blane, Gilbert [link]
blastomycosis [link]
blepharospasm [link], [link]
blindsight [link], [link]
blind spot [link], [link]
examination [link]
retinal degeneration [link]
blink reflex [link], [link]
blood–brain barrier [link], [link]
blood gas tensions, cerebral blood flow [link]
blood–nerve barrier [link]
blood pressure
lying and standing [link], [link]
management, stroke [link], [link]
blunt head injury [link], [link]
B-lymphocyctes [link]
body dysmorphic disorder [link]
body image, disorders of [link]
bone spicules, retinal degeneration [link]
Borrelia infection/borreliosis [link]
complex regional pain syndrome [link]
dementia [link]
differential diagnosis [link]
hearing loss [link]
neuropathy [link], [link]
borrelia recurrentis [link]
Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination [link]
botulinum toxin
abducens nerve palsies [link]
Bell’s palsy [link]
dysphagia [link]
headache [link]
hemifacial spasm [link]
hereditary myoclonus-dystonia [link]
micturition disorders [link]
multiple sclerosis [link]
myoclonus [link]
poisoning [link]
post-traumatic dystonia [link]
primary torsion dystonia [link]
progressive supranuclear palsy [link]
spasticity [link], [link]
stiff man syndrome [link]
tardive dyskinesia [link]
Tourette’s syndrome [link]
tremor [link], [link]
botulism [link], [link], [link]
Boucher–Neuhauser syndrome [link]
Bouchut, Eugène [link]
boundary zone infarcts [link]
Boutonneuse fever [link]
bovine spongiform encephalopathy [link]
bowel, neuroanatomy and physiology [link]
bowel disorders [link], [link]
multiple sclerosis [link], [link], [link]
Parkinson’s disease [link]
supportive measures [link]
Bow Hunter’s stroke [link]
brachial neuritis, acute [link]
brachial plexopathy [link]
brachial plexus
acute brachial neuritis [link]
anatomy [link], [link]
chronic brachial plexopathy [link]
hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy [link]
malignant infiltration [link], [link]
medial cord lesions [link]
thoracic outlet syndrome [link]
traumatic lesions [link], [link]
brachioradialis [link]
reflex [link], [link]
brachium of the superior colliculus [link]
bradykinesia, Parkinson’s disease [link]
brain
blood supply [link], [link]
function, and cerebral blood flow [link]
Brain, Russell, Lord [link], [link], [link]
brain abscess [link]
actinomycosis [link]
aspergillosis [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
complications [link]
investigation [link]
management [link]
nocardiosis [link]
outcome [link]
pathogenesis [link], [link]
sequelae [link]
brain death [link]
children [link]
definition [link]
diagnostic criteria [link], [link]
brain herniation syndromes [link], [link]
brain malformations, epilepsy [link], [link], [link]
brain oedema, traumatic [link]
brain segmentation [link]
disorders [link]
brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) [link], [link]
brainstem disorders [link]
brainstem dysfunction [link]
brainstem encephalitis [link]
brainstem-evoked responses [link], [link]
brainstem haemorrhage [link]
brainstem infarction [link]
brainstem lesions [link], [link]
abducens (sixth) nerve palsies [link]
combined ocular motor nerve palsies [link]
oculomotor (third) nerve palsies [link], [link]
pain [link]
patterns of sensory loss [link]
speech production disorders [link]
brain stimulation [link]
brain tissue water and volume [link]
brain tumours [link], [link]
biological basis [link]
carcinoma [link]
chordoma [link]
clinical features and imaging diagnosis [link]
complications of treatment [link]
craniopharyngiomas [link]
CT scanning [link]
epidemiology [link]
epilepsy [link]
fibrous dysplasia [link]
genetic factors [link], [link]
geographical, racial, and social influences [link]
gliomas [link]
glomus tumours [link]
growth factors [link]
headache [link]
histological confirmation, importance of [link]
hydrocephalus [link], [link], [link], [link]
incidence and prevalence [link], [link]
intracranial extracerebral [link]
intracranial hypertension [link]
magnetic resonance imaging [link]
magnetic resonance spectroscopy [link]
malignant meningitis [link]
medulloblastomas [link]
meningeal [link], [link]
metastatic intracerebral [link]
mortality [link]
multiple metastases [link]
neural [link]
Paget’s disease [link]
pineal region tumours [link]
pituitary [link]
primary CNS lymphomas [link]
primary intracerebral [link]
recovery and rehabilitation [link]
referral pattern [link]
risk factors [link]
single metastases [link]
skull osteomas [link]
terminology [link], [link]
tumour suppressor factors [link]
branchio-oro-renal syndrome [link]
branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) [link]
Brandt Daroff exercises [link], [link]
breast cancer [link]
breastfeeding
and CT scanning [link]
and SPECT [link]
Breugel’s syndrome [link]
brevitoxin poisoning [link]
Bright, Richard [link]
brightness test [link]
Brill–Zinsser disease [link]
Briquet’s syndrome [link]
Broca’s aphasia [link], [link]
Brödel, Max [link]
bromocriptine [link], [link], [link], [link]
Brouillet, Pierre [link]
Browne, John [link]
Brownell–Oppenheimer variant [link]
Brown-Sequard, Charles Edouard [link]
Brown-Sequard syndrome [link]
multiple sclerosis [link]
patterns of sensory loss [link], [link]
penetrating spinal cord injury [link]
Brown’s superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome [link]
Brown–Vialetto–van Laere syndrome [link], [link]
Bruce, Alexander Ninian [link]
brucellosis [link]
clinical features [link]
diagnosis [link]
spinal cord [link]
treatment [link]
Brudzinski sign [link]
brufen [link]
Brugada syndrome [link]
bruxism [link]
buckthorn poisoning [link]
Buerger’s disease [link]
bulbar motor system disorders
Brown–Vialetto–van Laere syndrome [link]
Fazio–Londe disease [link]
Kennedy’s disease [link]
bulbar palsy [link]
bulbar poliomyelitis [link]
bulbocavernosus reflex [link]
bulimia nervosa [link]
bungarotoxin poisoning [link]
Bunina bodies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease [link]
bunyavirus encephalitis [link], [link], [link], [link]
Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale [link]
burning feet syndrome [link]
burning mouth syndrome [link], [link]
psychologically determined disorders [link]
burst neurons [link]
buspirone [link]

C
C2 neuralgia [link]
cabergoline [link], [link], [link]
caeruloplasmin deficiency [link], [link]
Caisson disease [link], [link]
Cajal, Santiago Ramon y [link], [link]
Cajal–Retzius cells [link]
Calcar, Jean [link]
calcitonin [link], [link], [link]
calcium metabolism disorders [link]
California encephalitis [link]
callosal apraxia [link]
caloric reflex [link]
caloric test [link], [link]
Calvert’s sign [link]
Campylobacter jejuni [link], [link], [link], [link]
canalithiasis [link], [link]
canal paresis, caloric test [link], [link]
Canavan disease [link], [link]
cancer, and cerebrovascular diseases [link]
cancer-associated cone dysfunction (CACD) [link]
cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) [link]
candasartan [link]
cannabis [link]
CANOMAD [link]
Capgras syndrome [link], [link]
capillary telangiectases [link]
capsaicin [link], [link], [link], [link]
capsular warning syndrome [link]
caput succedaneum [link], [link]
carbachol [link]
carbamate insecticides [link], [link]
carbamazepine
acquired neuromyotonia [link]
amyloidosis, primary [link]
benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes [link]
benign epilepsy with occipital spikes [link]
cerebellar ataxia [link]
cyclosporine toxicity [link]
diabetic polyneuropathy [link]
diabetic truncal neuropathy [link]
electrical status epilepticus of slow wave sleep [link]
glossopharyngeal neuralgia [link], [link]
hemifacial spasm [link]
Huntington’s disease [link]
idiopathic partial epilepsies [link]
intracranial suppuration [link]
multiple sclerosis [link], [link]
myoclonus [link]
nervus intermedius neuralgia [link]
neural tube defects [link]
neuromyotonia [link]
neuropathic pain [link]
ocular neuromyotonia [link]
oesophageal syncope [link]
paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis [link]
pharmacokinetics [link], [link]
porphyria [link]
porphyric neuropathy [link]
post-craniotomy seizures [link]
post-herpetic neuralgia [link], [link]
post-traumatic epilepsy [link]
SUNCT/SUNA [link]
syphilis [link]
teratogenicity [link]
tonic seizures [link]
trigeminal neuralgia [link], [link]
trochlear nerve palsies [link]
carbamoylphophate synthetase deficiency [link]
carbidopa [link]
carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome [link]
carbohydrate metabolism disorders [link], [link], [link]
carbon disulphide [link], [link], [link]
carbon monoxide [link], [link], [link], [link]
carboplatin [link]
carcinomatous meningitis [link]
carcinomatous neuromyopathy [link]
carcinomatous neuropathy [link], [link]
cardiac cephalgia [link]
cardiac complications of stroke [link]
cardiac disorders [link]
cardiac embolism [link], [link], [link]
paradoxical [link]
cardiac myxomas [link]
cardiac pacemakers [link]
cardiac risk after transient ischaemic attack or stroke [link]
cardiac surgery [link]
cardiac syncope [link], [link]
cardiovascular disease [link], [link]
carnitine/actkcarnitine translocase deficiency [link]
carnitine deficiency [link], [link]
carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency [link], [link]
carnitine transporter defect [link]
carotico-cavernous fistula [link]
carotid bifurcation imaging [link], [link]
carotid bifurcation stenosis [link], [link], [link]
complications [link], [link]
carotid cavernous fistulas [link], [link]
carotid dissection [link]
carotid loops, congenital [link]
carotid occlusion [link]
carotid sinus syncope [link]
carotid stenosis, asymptomatic [link], [link]
carpal tunnel syndrome [link], [link]
Carswell, Sir Robert [link], [link]
carvedilol [link]
Castleman’s disease [link]
catalepsy [link]
catamenial epilepsy [link]
catamenial sciatica [link]
cataplexy [link]
children [link]
confusion with seizures [link]
narcolepsy [link], [link], [link]
cataracts
myotonic dystrophy [link], [link]
surgery [link]
visual acuity, assessment of [link]
visual hallucinations [link]
catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome [link]
catathrenia, nocturnal [link]
catatonia [link]
lethal [link], [link]
category-specific dysphasias [link]
catheter angiography [link], [link]
versus non-invasive imaging [link]
Caton, Richard [link]
catscratch fever [link], [link]
cauda equina anatomy [link], [link]
cauda equina lesions [link]
acute central disc protrusion [link], [link]
bowel disorders [link]
compression [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
malignant meningitis [link], [link]
management [link]
micturition disorders [link], [link]
non-compressive disease [link], [link]
post-radiation damage [link]
sexual disorders [link]
spinal canal stenosis [link]
caudal paramedian midbrain syndrome [link]
caudate nucleus [link], [link]
causalgia [link]
pathophysiology [link]
cautious gaits [link]
cavernous angiomas
post-craniotomy seizures [link]
spinal cord disorders [link]
treatment [link]
cavernous haemangioma [link]
cavernous malformations [link], [link]
cavernous sinus lesions
abducens (sixth) nerve palsies [link]
combined ocular motor nerve palsies [link]
diplopia [link]
cavernous sinus syndrome [link], [link]
combined ocular motor nerve palsies [link]
cavernous sinus thrombosis [link], [link], [link]
Cawthorne–Cooksey exercises [link]
CD4 cells [link]
CD8 cells [link]
cefotaxime [link], [link], [link]
ceftriaxone
intracranial suppuration [link]
Lyme disease [link], [link]
meningitis [link]
meningococcal disease [link]
syphilis [link]
Whipple’s disease [link]
celecoxib [link], [link]
cell implantation, and remyelination [link]
cellular immune responses [link]
central cord syndrome [link]
central cord disease [link]
central disc prolapse [link], [link]
central disc protrusion, acute [link], [link]
central herniation [link], [link]
central nervous system disease
antibody testing in [link]
axonal degeneration [link], [link]
axonal regeneration [link]
demyelination mechanisms [link], [link]
development [link], [link]
lesions [link]
macroglial lineages [link]
myelination [link], [link]
remyelination [link], [link]
central neurofibromatosis [link]
central neurogenic hyperventilation [link]
central pontine myelinolysis [link], [link]
classification [link], [link]
central positional nystagmus [link], [link]
central post-stroke pain [link]
central pupillary pathway lesions [link]
central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) [link], [link]
optic atrophy [link]
central retinal venous occlusion (CRVO) [link]
central scotoma [link]
central serous retinopathy [link]
central sleep apnoea [link]
central vestibular disorders [link], [link]
central vision loss [link]
central visual field, examination [link]
centronuclear myopathy [link]
cephalic tetanus [link]
cephalohaematomas [link], [link]
cerebellar afferent systems [link]
cerebellar ataxia
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis [link]
alcoholic [link]
autoimmune [link]
causes [link]
chicken pox complication [link]
classification [link], [link]
diagnosis [link], [link]
genetic counselling and DNA testing [link]
gluten ataxia [link]
hearing loss [link]
heatstroke [link]
hypothyroidism [link]
idiopathic late-onset [link]
infections [link]
investigation [link], [link]
late-onset hereditary [link]
multiple sclerosis [link]
neuropathy in [link]
nutritional deficiency [link]
paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration [link]
prion disease [link]
toxic and drug-induced [link]
cerebellar ataxia central hypomyelination [link]
cerebellar cortex [link]
cerebellar degeneration
adult onset [link]
alcoholic [link]
eye movement disorders [link]
ocular flutter [link]
subacute [link], [link]
cerebellar haemorrhage [link], [link]
cerebellar hypoplasia [link], [link]
cerebellar infarction [link]
cerebellar lesions [link]
cerebellar strokes [link]
cerebellar tremor [link]
cerebellar vermis dysgenesis [link]
cerebellopontine angle tumours [link]
clinical features and imaging diagnosis [link]
facial nerve [link]
vestibular dysfunction [link], [link]
cerebellum, movement regulation and coordination [link]
cerebral amyloid angiopathy [link], [link]
cerebral anoxic myoclonus [link]
cerebral anoxic Parkinsonism [link]
cerebral blood volume [link], [link]
cerebral circulation
acute cerebral ischaemia, pathology [link]
acute intracerebral haemorrhage, pathophysiology [link]
anatomy [link], [link]
collateral blood supply to the brain [link]
haematocrit [link]
regulation of cerebral blood flow [link], [link]
venous drainage [link], [link]
cerebral circulation, imaging the [link], [link], [link]
catheter angiography [link]
catheter angiography versus non-invasive imaging [link]
computed tomography angiography and perfusion imaging [link]
duplex sonography [link]
magnetic resonance angiography and perfusion imaging [link]
posterior circulation [link]
transcranial Doppler sonography [link]
cerebral concussion [link]
cerebral cortex
anatomy and physiology [link]
clinical syndromes associated with specific areas [link]
development, overview [link], [link]
cerebral haemorrhage [link]
cerebral hemisphere lesions [link], [link]
cerebral hypoxia [link]
cerebral infarction
EEG [link]
haemorrhage into [link]
magnetic resonance imaging [link]
mood disturbance [link]
cerebral ischaemia
pathology [link], [link]
as spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage complication [link]
cerebral malaria see malaria, cerebral
cerebral oedema
cytotoxic [link]
in diabetes and liver failure [link]
interstitial [link]
origins and classification [link]
osmotic [link]
vasogenic [link]
cerebral palsy [link]
dyskinetic athetoid [link]
epilepsy [link], [link]
rehabilitation [link]
cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) [link], [link], [link], [link]
cerebral perfusion reserve [link]
cerebral pontine myelinolysis [link]
cerebral schistosomiasis [link]
cerebral trauma, vestibular dysfunction [link]
cerebral vasculitis [link]
clinical features, investigation, and diagnosis [link], [link]
drug- and toxin-induced [link]
treatment [link]
cerebral venous thrombosis [link], [link]
clinical features [link]
coma [link]
diagnosis [link], [link]
epilepsy [link]
magnetic resonance imaging [link]
treatment [link]
cerebral Whipple’s disease see Whipple’s disease
cerebritis [link]
cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome [link]
cerebro-oculo-facial-skeletal syndrome [link]
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [link]
analysis [link], [link]
drainage [link]
fistulae, repair of [link]
flow disorders [link]
formation and flow [link], [link]
meningitis [link], [link]
pressure [link]
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination [link]
infectious agents, detection of [link]
lumbar puncture [link]
spinal puncture: complications of [link]
spinal puncture: contraindications [link]
spinal puncture: indications [link]
cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis [link], [link], [link], [link]
cerebrovascular disease [link]
acute confusional states [link]
blood supply to the brain [link]
cerebral venous thrombosis [link]
chorea [link]
coma [link]
depression [link]
epilepsy [link]
intracerebral haemorrhage, acute: treatments [link]
secondary prevention [link]
spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage, causes [link]
spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage [link]
vestibular dysfunction [link]
visual hallucinations [link]
cerebrovascular Parkinsonism [link]
cerebrovascular resistance [link]
ceroid lipofuscinoses [link], [link]
cervical disc prolapse, acute [link], [link]
cervical disease [link]
cervical myelopathy [link], [link]
cervical rib
small hand muscle wasting [link]
thoracic outlet syndrome [link], [link]
cervical spinal cord lesions [link]
cervical spine degenerative disease [link]
cervical spondylosis [link], [link]
basilar insufficiency [link]
differential diagnosis [link]
cervical spondylotic radiculopathy [link]
cervical vertigo [link]
cervicogenic headache [link]
cetuximab [link]
Chaddock’s reflex [link]
Chaga’s disease see American trypanosomiasis
channelopathies [link], [link]
antibody testing in [link]
Charcot, Jean-Baptiste [link]
Charcot, Jean-Martin [link], [link], [link], [link]
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
auditory dyssynchrony [link]
classification [link], [link]
differential diagnosis [link], [link]
hearing loss [link]
infantile and childhood onset [link]
management [link]
molecular genetic abnormalities [link], [link]
radiculopathies [link]
range of disorders [link], [link]
type 1: demyelinating [link], [link]
type 2: axonal [link]
CHARGE syndrome [link], [link]
Charles Bonnet syndrome [link], [link]
Charlevoix–Saguenay syndrome [link], [link]
Chédiak–Higashi syndrome [link], [link]
cheek numbness [link]
chemical warfare agents [link], [link], [link]
chemosensory system see gustation; olfaction
chemotherapy, toxicity [link]
chenodeoxycholic acid [link]
Cheyne–Stokes respiration [link]
Chiari I malformation [link], [link]
syringomyelia [link], [link]
Chiari II malformation [link], [link], [link], [link]
cough headache [link]
hearing loss [link]
vestibular dysfunction [link]
chiasmal syndrome [link]
specific causes [link]
visual failure, diagnosis of [link]
visual field, examination of [link], [link]
chiasmic postfixation blindness [link]
chicken pox [link]
chicken pox encephalitis [link]
chikungunya virus encephalitis [link]
child abuse [link]
childhood absence epilepsy [link], [link]
in adults [link]
differential diagnosis [link]
children
abducens (sixth) nerve palsies [link]
aplasia or hypoplasia of the VIII cranial nerve [link]
auditory dyssynchrony [link]
auditory hallucinations [link]
auditory processing disorders [link]
autosomal-recessive hearing loss [link]
brain tumours [link], [link], [link]
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease [link]
complex regional pain syndrome [link]
conductive hearing loss [link], [link]
diabetic ketoacidosis, brain oedema in [link]
diphtheria [link]
DNA testing [link]
epilepsy [link], [link], [link]
examination [link]
Glascow coma scale [link], [link]
hearing, disorders of [link]
horizontal gaze palsies [link]
hydrocephalus [link], [link]
inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, chronic [link]
lead poisoning [link], [link]
malaria, cerebral [link]
micturition disorders [link]
migrainous vertigo [link]
movement disorders [link]
multiple sclerosis [link]
nerve conduction studies [link]
ocular motor apraxia [link]
oculomotor (third) nerve palsies [link]
optic nerve gliomas [link]
orbital infections [link]
orbital tumours [link]
parasomnias [link], [link]
paroxysmal disorders, differential diagnosis of [link]
peripheral labyrinthine disorders [link]
postlingual hearing loss [link]
prelingual hearing loss [link]
primary grey matter degenerations of infancy and childhood [link]
proptosis [link]
seizure types [link]
sensorineural hearing loss [link], [link], [link], [link]
skull fracture [link]
and SPECT [link]
vertigo and imbalance [link], [link], [link]
visual field, examination of [link]
withdrawal emergent syndrome [link]
CHILD syndrome [link]
chin numbness [link], [link]
chlamydial diseases [link], [link]
chlorambucil [link]
chloramphenicol
Mediterranean spotted fever [link]
meningitis [link]
optic neuropathy [link]
relapsing fevers [link]
Rocky Mountain spotted fever [link]
scrub typhus [link]
toxic optic neuropathy [link]
chlordiazepoxide [link]
chlormethiazole [link]
chloromycetin [link]
chloroquine [link], [link], [link]
chlorpromazine [link], [link], [link], [link]
chlorthalidone [link]
cholestanolosis [link], [link]
cholesteatoma
clinical features and imaging diagnosis [link]
otalgia [link]
suppurative otitis media [link]
cholesterol embolization syndrome [link], [link]
cholesterol lowering, stroke [link]
cholesterol metabolism [link]
chondroitinase ABC [link]
chondromas [link]
chondrosarcoma [link], [link]
chordomas [link], [link]
chorea [link]
associated with pregnancy and oral contraceptives [link]
benign hereditary [link]
diagnosis and classification [link], [link]
drug-induced [link]
Huntington’s disease [link]
Huntington’s disease like phenotypes [link]
neuroacanthocytosis [link]
neuroferritinopathy [link]
paraneoplastic [link]
pathophysiology [link]
Sydenham’s [link]
systemic disease [link]
chorea-acanthocytosis [link]
choreoathetosis
intermediate paroxysmal dystonic [link]
paroxysmal kinesigenic [link]
paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dystonic [link]
choriocarcinomas [link]
choroidal artery syndrome [link]
choroid plexus, CSF formation [link]
chromaffinomas [link]
chromosomes [link], [link]
abnormalities [link]
chronic disease [link]
chronic fatigue syndrome [link], [link]
chronic ocular ischaemia [link]
chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia see ophthalmoplegia, chronic
chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION) [link]
chronic sensorineural hearing impairment [link]
chronic vertigo [link]
Churg–Strauss syndrome
neuropathy [link]
optic neuritis, atypical [link]
tissue damage, mechanisms of [link]
vasculitis [link]
Chvostek’s sign [link]
ciclosporin see cyclosporine
cicutoxin poisoning [link]
cidofovir [link], [link]
ciguatera fish poisoning [link]
cilengitide [link]
cingulate motor areas [link]
cinnarazine [link], [link], [link]
circadian rhythm disorders [link]
advanced sleep phase syndrome [link]
delayed sleep phase syndrome [link]
shift work sleep disorder [link]
circumflex axillary nerve [link], 628, [link]
cisplatin [link], [link]
cisplatinum [link], [link], [link], [link]
citalopram [link], [link]
citric acid cycle defects [link]
citrullinaemia [link]
clarithromycin [link], [link]
clasp-knife rigidity [link]
Claude’s syndrome [link], [link]
claudication of the cauda equina [link]
clindamycin [link]
clinical approach
autonomic disorders [link]
critical illness [link]
diagnosis, principles of [link]
frequency of neurological diseases [link]
gait disorders [link]
muscle weakness, diagnosing [link]
reflexes [link]
somatosensory abnormalities [link]
terminal or chronic disease [link]
clioquinol [link]
clofazimine [link]
clofibrate [link]
clomipramine [link], [link]
clonazepam
corticobasal degeneration [link]
eyelid myoclonus associated with absences [link]
hereditary myoclonus-dystonia [link]
hyperekplexia [link]
multiple sclerosis [link]
myoclonus [link]
narcolepsy [link]
opsoclonus [link]
parasomnias [link]
paroxysmal non-kinesigenic, dystonic choreoathetosis [link]
porphyric neuropathy [link]
primary torsion dystonia [link]
restless legs syndrome [link]
stiff person syndrome [link]
Tourette’s syndrome [link]
tremor [link], [link]
trigeminal neuralgia [link], [link]
vestibular disease [link]
clonidine
diabetic autonomic neuropathy [link]
medication overuse headache [link]
migraine [link]
multiple system atrophy [link]
neuropathic pain [link]
tics [link]
Tourette’s syndrome [link]
clonus [link], [link]
clopidogrel [link], [link]
Clostridium botulinum [link]
clozapine
HIV [link]
Parkinson’s disease [link], [link]
seizures [link]
tardive dyskinesia [link]
clumsiness [link], [link]
cluster headache [link], [link]
anatomy and physiology [link], [link]
diagnostic criteria [link]
differential diagnosis [link]
management [link], [link]
COACH syndrome [link], [link]
Coats’ disease [link]
cobalamin metabolism [link]
cobblestone lissencephaly [link]
cocaine [link]
cerebrovascular diseases [link]
movement disorders [link]
optic nerve hypoplasia [link]
seizures [link]
vasculitis [link]
cocaine test [link]
coccidioidomycosis [link]
cochlea, anatomy and physiology [link], [link]
cochlear implants [link]
Cockayne syndrome [link], [link], [link], [link]
codeine [link]
codeine phosphate [link]
coeliac disease
autoantibodies [link]
cerebellar ataxia [link]
cerebrovascular diseases [link]
myoclonus [link]
neuropathy [link]
coenurosis [link]
coenzyme Q10 [link]
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease [link], [link]
ataxia [link], [link]
Huntington’s disease [link]
mitochondrial cytopathies [link]
Parkinson’s disease [link]
Cogan’s syndrome [link], [link], [link]
cognition, examination [link]
cognitive behavioural therapy
complex regional pain syndrome [link]
insomnia [link]
neuropathic pain [link], [link]
psychologically determined disorders [link]
temporomandibular joint disorders [link]
vestibular disorders [link]
cognitive impairment
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease [link], [link], [link]
multiple sclerosis [link]
psychologically determined disorders [link]
as spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage complication [link]
cognitive overload [link]
cogwheel rigidity [link]
testing for [link], [link], [link]
colchicine [link], [link], [link], [link]
cold hyperalgesia [link]
cold injury [link]
collagenopathies [link]
collagen vascular diseases and the CNS [link]
mixed connective tissue disease [link]
rheumatoid arthritis [link]
seronegative arthritides [link]
Sjögren’s syndrome [link]
systemic lupus erythematosus [link]
systemic sclerosis [link]
collateral blood supply to the brain [link]
Colorado tick fever virus [link]
colour agnosia [link], [link]
colour anomia [link]
colour area of the brain [link]
colour perception, tests of [link]
colour vision disorders [link]
coltivirus encephalitis [link], [link], [link], [link]
coma
brain death [link]
causes [link]
children [link], [link]
chronic disorders of consciousness [link]
differential diagnosis, approaches to [link]
EEG [link]
emergence from [link]
examination [link], [link]
head injury [link]
locked-in syndrome [link], [link]
management [link]
measurement [link], [link]
neural basis [link]
prognosis [link], [link]
terminology [link]
coma vigil [link]
combined ocular motor nerve palsies [link]
causes [link], [link]
common carotid artery [link]
common peroneal nerve [link], [link], [link]
communicating hydrocephalus [link], [link]
causes [link], [link]
clinical features [link]
surgical management [link]
compartment syndromes [link]
compensated hydrocephalus [link]
compensation, vertigo and imbalance [link]
complement [link]
complete transverse cord lesions [link], [link]
complete trigeminal rhizotomy [link]
complex partial seizures [link]
complex partial status epilepticus [link]
complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) [link], [link]
causes [link], [link]
in children [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
definition [link]
diagnostic tests [link]
incidence [link]
pathophysiology [link]
prognosis [link]
psychological factors [link]
staging of clinical features [link]
treatment [link]
complex regional pain syndrome type 1 [link]
in children [link]
clinical features [link]
definition [link]
pathophysiology [link]
sympathetic activity [link]
treatment [link]
complex regional pain syndrome type 2
clinical features [link]
definition [link]
pathophysiology [link]
sympathetic activity [link]
treatment [link]
complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
compound muscle action potential (CMAP) [link], [link]
compression
focal peripheral neuropathy [link]
of the VIII cranial nerve [link]
computed tomography (CT) [link], [link]
epilepsy [link]
computed tomography angiography [link], [link]
posterior circulation, imaging the [link]
concussion [link]
concussive convulsions [link], [link]
conduction aphasia [link]
conduction block [link], [link]
multifocal motor neuropathy with [link], [link]
nerve conduction studies [link]
conductive hearing loss [link], [link]
associated syndromes [link]
clinical examination [link], [link]
investigations [link]
management [link]
cone cells [link]
anatomy of the retina [link]
cone dystrophies [link]
cone–rod degenerations [link]
confabulation [link]
confrontation tests, simple [link]
confusion [link]
parasomnias [link]
Parkinson’s disease [link]
congenital ear disease [link]
congenital early-onset ataxia [link]
disequilibrium syndrome [link]
Gillespie syndrome [link]
Joubert syndrome [link]
Marinesco–Sjogren syndrome [link]
miscellaneous hereditary cerebellar hypoplasias [link]
Paine syndrome [link]
congenital elevator palsies [link]
congenital fibre-type disproportion [link]
congenital hypomyelination neuropathy [link], [link]
congenital muscular dystrophy [link]
congenital myasthenic syndromes [link]
congenital myopathies [link]
central core disease [link]
centronuclear myopathy [link]
congenital fibre-type disproportion [link]
multiminicore disease [link]
nemaline myopathy [link]
congenital nystagmus [link]
congenital optic disc anomalies [link]
optic nerve drusen [link]
optic nerve dysplasia [link]
optic nerve hypoplasia [link]
tilted discs [link]
congenital syphilis [link]
connective tissue disease [link]
Conradi–Hunermann syndrome [link]
consciousness
chronic disorders of [link]
neural basis of [link], [link]
psychogenic alteration in [link]
consent issues, DNA testing [link]
constipation [link]
constructional apraxia [link]
contextual memory [link]
continuing vegetative state [link]
continuous spike wave of slow sleep [link]
contractures, muscle [link]
controlled radiofrequency thermocoagulation [link]
contusions, brain [link], [link]
surgery [link]
conus medullaris, anatomy [link]
conus medullaris lesions [link], [link]
micturition disorders [link], [link]
convergence disorders, eye movements [link]
convergence-retraction nystagmus [link]
convergence spasm [link]
conversion disorder [link], [link]
in established neurological disease [link]
hypnotic states [link]
misdiagnosis [link]
convulsions, asorgan transplantation complication [link]
convulsive syncope [link]
convulsive theory of concussion [link]
Cooke, John [link], [link]
coordination, testing [link], [link]
Copaxone™ [link], [link]
copper deficiency [link]
copper metabolism [link]
coprolalia [link]
cordomas [link]
cord sign, cerebral venous thrombosis [link], [link]
Cori–Forbes disease [link]
Cormack, Allan [link]
corneal defects [link]
corneal reflex [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
Cornelia de Lange syndrome [link]
coronary arteries, instrumentation [link]
coronary artery bypass grafting [link]
coronary artery disease [link]
corpora amylacea [link]
corpus callosotomy [link]
corpus callosum
agenesis [link]
dysgenesis [link]
pathology [link]
correctopia [link]
cortical blindness [link], [link], [link]
cortical deafness [link], [link]
auditory hallucinations [link]
cortical dementia [link], [link]
cortical development, malformations of [link], [link]
cortical-evoked auditory responses [link], [link]
cortical hearing impairment [link]
cortical lesions [link]
cortical myoclonus [link], [link]
cortical plate [link]
cortical potentials, movement related [link]
cortical sensory loss [link]
cortical subplate [link]
corticobasal degeneration [link], [link]
differential diagnosis [link]
myoclonus [link]
corticospinal tract [link]
COSTAR [link]
Costeff syndrome [link], [link]
Costen’s syndrome [link]
cotrimoxazole [link], [link]
Cotugno, Domenico [link]
cough headache [link]
cough syncope [link]
covert dyskinesia [link]
cover test [link]
paretic muscle [link], [link]
cover/uncover test [link], [link]
Cowper, William [link]
coxsackie virus [link]
crack cocaine [link], [link]
crack dancing [link]
cracked tooth syndrome [link]
cramps, muscle [link]
cranial arteritis see giant cell arteritis
cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve)
examination [link], [link], [link]
palsies [link], [link], [link]
palsies: causes [link], [link]
palsies: investigation and management [link]
cranial nerve IV (trochlear nerve)
palsies [link]
palsies: causes [link], [link], [link]
palsies: clinical features [link]
palsies: nuclear lesions [link]
examination [link]
cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve)
central connections [link]
clinical neuroanatomy [link], [link]
cranial neuropathy [link]
examination [link]
examination in children [link]
lesions [link], [link]
nuclear lesions [link], [link]
numb cheek and chin syndromes [link]
ocular complications [link]
peripheral lesions [link], [link]
peripheral motor pathways [link]
peripheral sensory pathways [link], [link]
post-herpetic neuralgia [link]
supranuclear lesions [link]
trigeminal herpes zoster [link], [link]
trigeminal neuralgia [link]
trigeminal reflexes [link]
trigeminal sensory neuropathy [link]
cranial nerve VI (abducens nerve)
examination [link]
palsies [link], [link], 338, [link]
cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)
autonomic pathways [link]
Bell’s palsy [link]
bilateral facial palsy [link]
clinical neuroanatomy [link], [link]
corticobulbar pathways [link]
examination [link]
facial nerve reflexes [link]
hemifacial spasm [link]
infections [link], [link]
involuntary facial movements [link]
lesions [link], [link]
motor pathways [link]
nuclear lesions [link]
palsy [link], [link]
paralysis [link]
peripheral lesions [link]
reflexes [link]
sensory pathways [link]
supranuclear lesions [link], [link]
cranial nerve VIII, vestibular dysfunction [link]
cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) [link]
clinical neuroanatomy [link]
examination [link]
glossopharyngeal neuralgia [link]
lesions [link]
nuclear lesions [link]
peripheral course [link]
peripheral lesions [link]
sensory pathways [link]
supranuclear lesions [link]
cranial nerve X (vagus nerve)
autonomic pathways [link]
clinical neuroanatomy [link], [link]
examination [link]
lesions of the nerve and its branches [link], [link]
motor pathways [link]
nerve trunk lesions [link]
nuclear lesions [link], [link]
peripheral course [link], [link]
recurrent laryngeal nerve lesions [link]
sensory pathways [link]
supranuclear lesions [link]
cranial nerve XI (accessory nerve) [link]
clinical neuroanatomy [link]
examination [link]
lesions [link], [link]
nerve trunk lesions [link]
nuclear lesions [link]
peripheral course [link]
spinal and cranial origins [link]
supranuclear lesions [link]
cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve) [link]
clinical neuroanatomy [link]
examination [link]
lesions [link], [link]
nerve trunk lesions [link]
nuclear lesions [link]
nucleus [link]
peripheral course [link]
supranuclear lesions [link]
cranial nerves [link]
multiple sclerosis [link]
stroke [link]
cranial nerves, examination [link]
in children [link]
in neonates [link]
cranial nerves, multiple palsies [link], [link]
cavernous sinus syndrome [link]
jugular foramen syndrome [link]
polyneuritis cranialis [link]
Tolosa–Hunt syndrome [link]
cranial nerves, palsies
Guillain–Barré syndrome [link]
radiation-induced [link]
cranial osteomas [link]
cranial Paget’s disease [link]
cranial polyneuritis [link]
cranial reconstruction [link]
cranial reflexes [link], [link]
craniocerebral injury see head injury
craniocervical junction disorders [link]
craniofacial pain
atypical facial pain [link]
clinical approach and differential diagnosis [link], [link]
lesions of the ear, sinuses, and mouth [link]
musculoskeletal [link]
neuralgias of the face and head [link]
referred [link]
suboccipital and cervical disease [link]
see also headache
craniopharyngiomas [link], [link], [link]
chiasmal syndrome [link]
optic nerve hypoplasia [link]
optic tract syndrome [link]
craniorachischisis [link]
craniosynostosis [link], [link]
craniotomy [link], [link]
cranio-vertebral junction anomalies [link]
CRASH [link]
creatinine
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease [link], [link]
synthesis and transport disorders [link], [link]
creatinine kinase levels, myopathies [link]
creatinine kinase reaction [link]
Creed, R.S. [link]
Cree leukoencephalopathy [link]
cremasteric reflex [link]
cretinism [link]
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease [link], [link], [link], [link], 1416, [link]
cerebellar ataxia [link]
demyelinating neuropathy [link]
diagnosis [link]
EEG [link]
investigation [link]
magnetic resonance imaging [link]
myoclonus [link]
Parkinsonism [link]
seizures [link]
Cri-du-Chat syndrome [link]
Crigler–Najjar syndrome [link]
critical illness
assisted respiration