Surgery

Probably the most common procedures undertaken by maxillofacial surgeons in children are either explorative dental procedures or soft tissue repair following facial trauma. Another large group of work is related to the primary and secondary management of children with cleft lip and palate. Maxillofacial surgeons work as part of a multidisciplinary team and services are configured in many different ways according to local arrangements. For example, primary cleft work is done in some areas by maxillofacial surgeons and in others exclusively by plastic surgeons. Similarly, craniosynostosis may be managed by maxillofacial, craniofacial, or neurosurgeons depending on local practice and expertise. ...Whilst the principles involved in managing an anaesthetic in the older child are similar to adult practice, the expertise of the paediatric anaesthetist and the perioperative care of the paediatric nursing and medical teams are required in managing babies and young children.Less

Gynaecology - Cleft lip and palate - Otorhinolaryngology - Orthopaedics - Cardiology - Congenital vascular abnormalities - Vascular tumours - Vascular malformations - Neurosurgery ...

General considerations - Embryology - Ossification - Functional hand development - IFSSH classification of congenital limb malformation - Radial dysplasia (radial club hand) - Ulnar dysplasia (ulnar club hand) - Cleft hand - Symbrachydactyly - Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) - Poland syndrome - Syndactyly - Camptodactyly - Congenital clasped thumb (CCT) - Trigger digit - Radioulnar synostosis - Clinodactyly - Thumb duplication (radial or pre-axial polydactyly) - Central polydactyly - Ulnar (post-axial) polydactyly - Macrodactyly - Thumb hypoplasia - Brachydactyly - Constriction ring (amniotic band) syndrome - Trauma ...Less

The acute abdomen - Dysphagia - Vomiting - Gastrointestinal bleeding - Foreign bodies - Abdominal distension and masses - Constipation - Jaundice - Head and neck lesions - Cervical node infection (uncommon causes) - Thyroid surgery - Chest wall deformities - Mediastinal tumours - Empyema - Oesophageal problems (miscellaneous) - Oesophageal substitution - Gastro-oesophageal reflux - Choledochal malformations - Gall bladder disease and gallstones - Portal hypertension - The pancreas - The spleen - Intussusception - Appendicitis - Duplications - Short bowel syndrome - Inflammatory bowel disease - Rectal prolapse - Bariatric surgery - Abdominal wall hernias ...Less

Conventional surgery - Circumcision - Skin and soft tissue abscess - Common nerves at risk - Inguinal hernia - Laparotomy (aka coeliotomy) - Intestinal anastomosis - Intestinal stomas - Posterolateral thoracotomy - Minimal access surgery - Minimal access surgery - Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (infants) - Laparoscopic fundoplication - Thoracoscopy ...Less

Fetal screening - Fetal diagnosis – magnetic resonance imaging - Cardiac anomalies - Lung anomalies - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia - Abdominal wall defects - Gastrointestinal anomalies - Abdominal masses - Obstructive uropathy - Spina bifida/hydrocephalus - Fetal surgery ...Less

Ethics - Consent - Withdrawal of treatment - Evidence-based medicine - Meta-analysis - Transport of the sick child - Anaesthesia - Analgesia - Intensive care - Sepsis - Antibiotics and children - Day-case surgery - Pre-assessment - The neurologically impaired child - Nutrition in the surgical patient - Vascular access - Radiology ...Less

Introduction to paediatric surgery - Groin hernias - Midline hernias - Orchidopexy - Circumcision - Hypospadias - Branchial remnants - External angular dermoid - Thyroglossal cyst - Tongue tie - Appendicectomy - Excision of Meckel's diverticulum - Pyloric stenosis - Reduction of intussusception - Oesophageal dilation and foreign body/bolus removal - Central venous access - Tissue and lymph node biopsy - Lymphatic malformation in head and neck (cystic hygroma) ...Less

Infant statistics - Newborn respiratory disease - Causes of respiratory distress - Investigations of respiratory distress - Differential diagnosis of respiratory distress - Treatment of respiratory distress - Intensive care - Fluid balance - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) - Infant milk - Neonatal antibiotics ...Less

Assessment of the surgical neonate - Resuscitation - Symptoms and signs - Vomiting - Gastrointestinal bleeding - Failure to pass meconium - Jaundice - Pathology - Parenchymal lung anomalies - Foregut duplication cyst - Oesophageal atresia - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia - Diaphragm eventration - Pyloric stenosis - Malrotation and volvulus - Intestinal atresia - Meconium ileus, peritonitis, and plug - Necrotizing enterocolitis - Hirschsprung's disease - Anorectal malformation - Umbilical anomalies - Exomphalos - Gastroschisis - Biliary atresia - Persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI) - Sacrococcygeal teratomas - Limb ischaemia ...Less