Neurology

The consultation - What, where, and when - History taking - Examination - Higher cognitive function - Cranial nerves - Peripheral nervous system - Neonatal neurological examination - Real world examination sequences - Synthesis ...Less

General principles - Cardiology consultations - Endocrinology consultations - Gastroenterology consultations - Neonatal neurology - Neonatal encephalopathy - Neurosurgical consultations - Oncology consultations - PICU consultations - Psychiatry consultations - Neuropsychiatric liaison work - Renal consultations - Respiratory consultations - Rheumatology consultations ...Less

Acute agitation - Emergency management of coma - Traumatic coma - Status epilepticus - Status dystonicus - Sudden onset visual loss - The child who suddenly stops walking - Acute ataxia ...

Introduction (Ishaq Abu-Arafeh) - Secondary headache (Ishaq Abu-Arafeh) - Primary headache (Ishaq Abu-Arafeh) ...

In the different sections of this chapter the authors review the current knowledge about neonatal seizures and highlight the areas where there is clear controversy. The chapter begins with the epidemiology and definition of neonatal seizures. It continues with the controversies surrounding whether neonatal seizures should be classified with the epilepsies and epileptic syndrome or independently because not all the patients with neonatal seizures will develop epilepsy. The next section includes a clinical description of neonatal seizures; taking into account its phenomenology (subtle seizures, tonic seizures, clonic seizures and myoclonic seizures). A brief definition of neonatal status epilepticus is also included in this chapter. The following section covers the electroencephalographic biomarkers and characteristics of the ictal and interictal discharges in neonates. This section is followed by the risk factors and etiologies associated to or leading to neonatal seizures. The unique physiopathology of neonatal seizures is highlighted and is next followed by another controversial topic: are seizures per se, dangerous to the developing brain. Management of neonatal seizures still relies on the efficacy of phenobarbital and phenytoin as first line drugs. Secondary line drugs and other novel treatments are highlighted in the treatment section. Morbidity and mortality still remains relatively high for neonates with seizures despite advances in neonatal care in the last 20 years. A section on prognosis of neonatal seizures offers a detailed review of the medical literature documenting this data. The last section briefly describes two idiopathic epilepsy syndromes and two devastating epileptic encephalopathies that begin in the neonatal period. ...Less

Principles of investigation - Principles of neuroradiology - Neuroradiological anatomy - Brainstem anatomy - Principles of neurophysiology - Peripheral neurophysiological tests - Neurophysiological testing of central sensory pathways - Specialist investigations - Practical procedures - Neuropsychological testing ...Less

Neurological assessment and observations - Assisting with lumbar puncture - Seizure management ...

Above the clouds, the sky is always blue. ...Scandinavian proverbLess

The nervous system - Clinical paediatric neurology - Neural tube defects and hydrocephalus - Cortical and cranial vault malformations - Neurodegenerative disorders - The cerebral palsies - Childhood epilepsies: diagnosis and management - Childhood epilepsies: causes and classification - Movement disorders - Headache - Neuromuscular disorders: overview - Specific neuromuscular disorders - Muscular dystrophies - Infection and injury - Inflammatory disorders and stroke - Case-based discussions ...Less

Decreased consciousness - Headaches - Floppy infant - Involuntary movements - Ataxia - Abnormal head size - Seizures - Developmental delay - Weak legs - Sacral pits and patches ...