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This title covers the fundamentals of pain, the pharmacology of drugs used, and summarises the current evidence base for the management of acute pain.

This book has grown out of decades of practicing simulation and teaching concepts of perioperative crisis resource management at our institutions, at national meetings, and in our residency and fellowship training programs. The purpose is to fill a gap between two areas of valuable work that exist in the perioperative emergency space; namely, between books that consist largely of steps of diagnosing a problem followed by a list of treatment steps and those reference books or articles that form the compendium works. As such, the goal of this volume is to be an up-to-date, high-yield, clinically relevant resource for understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and proper assessment and management of a wide variety of perioperative emergencies. Our target audience is anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetists, surgeons, recovery and critical care nurses, and anyone else practicing within the perioperative arena.Less

Basic Anesthesiology Examination Review is a high-yield, streamlined study aid. The BAER Review is a text that is tailor made to cover the entire outline of the Basic Anesthesiology Examination (BAE) instituted by the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA). Each chapter provides a concise content review of all items listed in the ABA outline as well as relevant images and diagrams. The design of the content of each of the chapters is optimized to facilitate early reading while covering each topic in a systematic fashion, while going far beyond being structured in a simple outline format. Furthermore, images are included in each chapter that are designed to be very memorable to facilitate retention of the content reviewed. Chapters conclude with questions and annotated answers, followed by key references and further reading. The questions are written with board preparation in mind, so as not to emphasize minutia but include content that the ABA could reasonably ask the examinee, With this book as a guide, readers will be able to efficiently prepare for the Basic Anesthesiology Examination.Less

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is the standard of care for management of critically ill patients with acute renal failure. Part of the Pittsburgh Critical Care series, Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy provides concise, evidence-based, bedside guidance about this treatment modality, offering quick reference answers to clinicians' questions about treatments and situations encountered in daily practice. Organized into sections on theory, practice, special situations, and organizational issues, this volume provides a complete view of CRRT theory and practice. Tables summarize and highlight key points, and key studies and trials are included in each chapter. The second edition has been updated to include a new chapter on the use of biomarkers to aid in patient selection and timing, extensive revisions on terminology and nomenclature to match current standards, and the most up-to-date information on newly developed CRRT machines.Less

This title details drugs in anaesthesia and intensive care in an A–Z format. The new edition has been improved for exam revision, featuring diagrams of particular drug structures and comparison tables to aid comparison of differences within a drug class.Less

This essential resource provides a practical, accessible guide to all emergency situations encountered in the critical care setting. Emergencies are very common in the critical care setting and this resource helps critical care staff identify patients at risk, how to manage them, and be prepared. This second edition covers new areas of importance, including sections on how to deal with adverse events and critical incidents involving critically ill patients, patient-safety and improved patient rescue packages, and on the practicalities of infection control procedures.Less

End of life care in the ICU presents its own unique challenges, and this resource highlights real clinical issues which need to be addressed if quality palliative care within ICUs is to be consistently delivered.Less

Functional MRI with BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent) imaging is one of the commonly used modalities for studying brain function in neuroscience. The underlying source of the BOLD fMRI signal is the variation in oxyhemoglobin to deoxyhemoglobin ratio at the site of neuronal activity in the brain. fMRI is mostly used to map out the location and intensity of brain activity that correlate with mental activities. In recent years, a new approach to fMRI was developed that is called resting-state fMRI. The fMRI signal from this method does not require the brain to perform any goal-directed task; it is acquired with the subject at rest. It was discovered that there are low-frequency fluctuations in the fMRI signal in the brain at rest. The signals originate from spatially distinct functionally related brain regions but exhibit coherent time-synchronous fluctuations. Several of the networks have been identified and are called resting-state networks. These networks represent the strength of the functional connectivity between distinct functionally related brain regions and have been used as imaging markers of various neurological and psychiatric diseases. Resting-state fMRI is also ideally suited for functional brain imaging in disorders of consciousness and in subjects under anesthesia. This book provides a review of the basic principles of fMRI (signal sources, acquisition methods, and data analysis) and its potential clinical applications.Less

Kidney disease is a crippling disease that affects approximately ten percent of the population worldwide, with more than 2.6 million individuals estimated to receive renal replace therapy. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is fast becoming a major public health issue even in resource poor settings, with some estimates predicting a disproportionate increase in countries such as China and India. Consequently, renal protection has become a vital and critical component of prevention. While observational data suggests that awareness remains low, the concept of renal protection is currently under-recognized in promoting recovery as well as preventing further renal loss. Kidney Protection: Strategies for Renal Preservation is a clinically applicable review of the current medical care and research that aims to address the awareness gap. The authors combine renal protection research and clinical practices with an interdisciplinary approach that is inclusive of nephrology,urology, critical care, anesthesia, emergency medicine and clinical medicine.Written by experts in the field of nephrology, the authors have also included applicable photographs and line drawings. The specific topics covered include: protection of the kidneys in hypertension, diabetes and heart disease, exposure to contrast including coronary angiogram, atherosclerosis, and more. This handbook is formatted to emphasize clinical practice points and major systemic illnesses. Additionally, it features the latest evidence-based practice guidelines for optimal renal outcomes, thus, making it a concise reference for the busy clinician interested in understanding the basics of kidney disease assessment, renal injury prevention, and renal preservation.Less

Mechanical Ventilation—Physiology and Practice provides a comprehensive review of the physiological principles underlying mechanical ventilation, as well as practical approaches to the management of patients with respiratory failure. The book explains instrumentation and terminology, ventilator modes and breath types, ventilator alarms, how to write ventilator orders, and how to diagnose and correct patient–ventilator asynchrony. It also discusses the physiological assessment of the mechanically ventilated patient and the diagnosis and management of dynamic hyperinflation, and describes how to manage patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), severe obstructive lung disease, and right ventricular failure; how to “wean” patients from the ventilator; and how and when to use noninvasive ventilation.Less

Neurocritical Care provides “at the bedside” guidance on the medical knowledge and technical skills required to care for critically ill patients with neurologic conditions such as cerebrovascular disorders, neurotrauma, neuro-oncology, refractory seizures, neuromuscular diseases, infections, alterations in consciousness, and perioperative neurosurgical care. It provides information on the clinical conditions, basic and advanced neuro-monitoring, and addresses some unique special populations. Part of the Pittsburgh Critical Care Medicine series, this compact volume is an ideal reference for physicians and trainees working in either a general intensive care unit or specialty neurointensive care unit. Readers will gain an understanding of background knowledge and concrete solutions to questions and situations encountered in daily practice.Less

Clinicians caring for patients are challenged by the task of protecting the brain and spinal cord in high-risk situations. These include following cardiac arrest, in critical care settings, and during complex procedural and surgical care. This book provides a comprehensive overview of various types of neural injury commonly encountered in critical care and perioperative contexts and the neuroprotective strategies used to optimize clinical outcomes. In addition to introductory chapters on the physiologic modulators of neural injury and pharmacologic neuroprotectants, the topics covered include: imaging assessment; tissue biomarker identification; monitoring; assessment of functional outcomes and postoperative cognitive decline; traumatic brain injury; cardiac arrest and heart-related issues such as valvular and coronary artery bypass surgery, aortic surgery and stenting, and vascular and endovascular surgery; stroke; intracerebral hemorrhage; mechanical circulatory support; sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome; neonatal issues; spinal cord injury and spinal surgery; and issues related to general, orthopedic, peripheral vascular, and ear, nose and throat surgeries.Less

This essential guide brings together information in an easy-to-use format. Up-to-date, relevant, and evidence-based information on the management of the critically ill is combined in one resource, ideal for the use of Intensive Care Units, High Dependency Units, acute medical or surgical wards, Accident and Emergency departments and operating theatres.Less

Since the first edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Care was published there have been many advances in in our understanding and management of critical illness. The first edition was prefaced with a note on the exacting nature of critical care—the holistic complexity of the patient with multisystem dysfunction, the out-of-hours commitment, the often stressful and highly charged situations requiring considerable agility of brain and hand, and the continuing evolution (and occasional revolution) in perceived ‘best practice’. These challenging demands are precisely what attract the critical care practitioner to the specialty. The importance of strong support mechanisms—from colleagues, national and international societies, and robust educational and research outputs—is paramount to sustain and enhance the quality of care patients receive. The format used in the first edition with system-orientated sections continues. Each section has been subdivided into short topics grouped according to clinical problems, facilitating manageable and relevant searches in electronic media. It is a single-volume major reference book aiming to cover the breadth of clinical and organizational aspects of adult critical care medicine in readable chunks. The editors acknowledge that every single topic cannot possibly be covered in detail, but hope the book’s comprehensive nature will be found useful by all health care providers who look after critically-ill patients. There are often local, national, and international differences in philosophy and management strategy. Some of these differences are seemingly contradictory and it is often difficult for physicians in one country to assimilate information produced for another. This is an international text attempting to give a balanced view where international differences exist. The book informs, rather than dictates.Less

Neurocritical care is a subspecialty of intensive care medicine dedicated to providing comprehensive management for all life-threatening neurological disorders and their complications. Improved understanding of pathophysiology and advances in monitoring and imaging techniques have led to the introduction of more effective and individualized treatment strategies that have translated into improved outcomes for patients. As the knowledge base underpinning the practice of neurocritical care has increased and evidence of outcome benefits has emerged, there has been a commensurate growth in the subspecialty of neurocritical care and in neurointensivists and their specialist teams. The delivery of effective neurocritical care requires an understanding of underlying physiological and pathophysiological processes in addition to interpretation of subtle changes in clinical status and in neuromonitoring and neuroimaging variables. Critically ill neurological patients require meticulous general intensive care support to optimize systemic organ system function and provide an optimal physiological environment for neurological recovery, as well as interventions targeted to their neurological disorders. The management of acute brain injury is particularly complex and requires a coordinated and stepwise approach that includes clinical assessment, monitoring, and multifaceted management strategies targeted to minimize secondary neurological injury. Collaboration and cooperation between clinicians from multiple disciplines is crucial to the effective delivery of care. The Oxford Textbook of Neurocritical Care has gathered together a group of international experts from many disciplines to provide a comprehensive global overview of the specialty. Each chapter highlights advances in specific areas and emphasizes the importance of the meticulous attention to detail that underpins the clinical practice of neurocritical care. Although primarily aimed at those working in neurocritical care, this textbook will also be of interest to those from other disciplines who have regular or occasional contact with patients with acute neurological disease.Less

Paediatric Intensive Care gives practical and realistic advice for children's doctors and nurses in intensive care.

Pediatric Intensive Care offers providers of critical care to children, from trainees to experienced clinicians, a concise, easy-to-carry resource on pediatric critical care medicine. It is designed for frequent and quick reference at the bedside, providing solutions to questions and situations encountered in practice. The 20 chapters are written by authorities in the field and include citations of some of the most essential references for further reading on each topic. The chapters cover key elements of the practice of pediatric critical care medicine, from cardiopulmonary resuscitation, monitoring, and procedures to extracorporeal life support, sedation and analgesia, and end of life care. Etiology and treatment of all types of organ failure are presented, as are chapters on toxicological emergencies/poisoning, critical care pharmacology, trauma, and burns. The book is sized to fit in a pocket, includes access to electronic, web-based content, and contains focused text, bulleted lists, tables, and figures. The book facilitates the delivery of critical care by residents, fellows, generalists in settings where critical care expertise is not readily available, and practicing intensivists.Less

This handbook provides a practical approach to the evaluation, differential diagnosis, and management of common medical and surgical emergencies such as cardiac arrest, acute respiratory failure, seizures, and hemorrhagic shock occurring in hospitalized patients. Less common and special circumstances such as pediatric, obstetric, oncologic, neurologic, and behavioral emergencies as well as palliative care for terminally ill patients encountered in the context of rapid response team (RRT) events are also discussed. An overview of commonly performed bedside emergency procedures by rapid response team members complements the clinical resources that may need to be brought to bear during the course of the rapid response team event. Finally, an overview of organization, leadership, communication, quality, and patient safety surrounding rapid response team events is provided. This book is written with medical students, junior physicians, and nursing staff in mind working in both academic and community hospital settings. Both a novice and an experienced healthcare provider involved in a rapid response system (RRS) will find this handbook to be a valuable supplement to the clinical experiences gained through active engagement in the system. Hospital administrators and senior management staff will also find this book to be useful in the evaluation of quality and performance of the rapid response system, management of staff attitudes and behavior, performance of peer review, care for second victims, and implementation of countermeasures for patient safety problems discovered in the course of rapid response system reviews.Less

There has been an explosion of clinical trials in critical care medicine since the inception of the specialty more than 50 years ago. This explosion has made it challenging as a trainee in critical care medicine to gain expertise in evidence based medicine. Determining how best to care for patients and understanding the basis for our practice is a never-ending process for all clinicians and it is particularly daunting for trainees. Even for the practicing intensivist, feeling confident in one’s knowledge base of foundational studies in the ever-growing field of critical care practice is no easy task.50 Studies Every Intensivist Should Know presents key studies that have shaped the practice of critical care medicine. Selected using a rigorous methodology, the studies cover topics including: sedation and analgesia, resuscitation, shock, ARDS, nutrition, renal failure, trauma, infection, diabetes, and physical therapy. For each study, a concise summary is presented with an emphasis on the results and limitations of the study, and its implications for practice. An illustrative clinical case concludes each review, followed by brief information on other relevant studies. Selection of studies that emphasize topics that come up frequently on ICU rounds was a priority. This book is a must-read for health care professionals and anyone who wants to learn more about the data behind clinical practice.Less

Describing the major clinical syndromes affecting ICU survivors, this resource delineates established or postulated biological mechanisms of the post-acute recovery process, and discusses strategies for treatment and rehabilitation to promote recovery in the ICU and in the long term. Many ICU survivors suffer from a range of long-lasting physical and psychological issues such as end stage renal disease, congestive heart failure, cognitive impairment, neuromuscular weakness, and depression or anxiety, which affect their overall quality of life and ability to lead productive lives. This online work discusses the science of the recovery process and the innovative treatment regimens which are helping ICU survivors regain function as they heal following trauma or disease. This lingering burden or 'legacy' of critical illness is now recognized as a major public health issue, with major efforts underway to understand how it can be prevented, mitigated, or treated.Less