Infectious Diseases

This online reference is designed to help medical trainees, general prescribers, healthcare workers and students to understand how antibiotics work, to demonstrate where they might be most appropriate, and to make clear the threat of antibiotic resistance.Less

The fully revised and updated seventh edition of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy is an essential guide to the principles of antimicrobial chemotherapy, the problem of resistance and its control through policies, antimicrobial stewardship and surveillance. It provides an aid to informed, rational prescribing for common bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral infections. Divided in five parts, this online resource addresses issues specific to both the developed and developing world. Part 1 discusses mechanisms of action and resistance to antibacterial, antifungal antiprotozoal, antiviral, and antiviral agents. Part 2 provides guidance about the problem of resistance, mechanisms of acquired resistance and genetics of resistance. Part 3 analyses the use of the laboratory, general principles of the treatment of infection, dosing in special groups (extremes of age, pregnancy, obesity), safe prescribing, prophylaxis and the role of policies in antimicrobial stewardship. Part 4 provides advice about the treatment of common infections. There are also chapters on the management of mycobacterial disease, viral infections, HIV/AIDS and parasitic infections, as well as analysis of the development and marketing of antimicrobial drugs.Less

The problem of antimicrobial-resistant organisms and untreatable infections is of global concern. The concept of antimicrobial stewardship has been developing over the last 10 years. The aim of antimicrobial stewardship is to control antimicrobial use in order to reduce the development of resistance, avoid the side effects associated with antimicrobial use, and optimize clinical outcomes. This book provides a very practical approach to antimicrobial stewardship. It’s very much a ‘how to’ guide supported by a review of the available evidence. Section 1 sets the scene and covers the problem of antimicrobial resistance; the problems in the antimicrobial supply line and initiatives to improve the situation; the principles and goals of antimicrobial stewardship; the psychological, social, cultural, and organizational factors in antimicrobial use and prescribing; and how to establish an antimicrobial stewardship programme. Section 2 reviews the components of antimicrobial stewardship: audit and feedback; antimicrobial policies and formularies; antimicrobial restriction; intravenous to oral switch; measuring antimicrobial consumption; measuring and feeding back stewardship; and the use of information technology in antimicrobial stewardship. Section 3 explores special areas in antimicrobial stewardship: antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics; intensive care units; paediatrics; surgical prophylaxis; near-patient testing and infection biomarkers; antimicrobial stewardship in the community and long-term care facilities; and finally antimicrobial stewardship in resource-poor communities.Less

This online resource details over 30 challenging cases from a wide area of infectious diseases, medical microbiology and virology and includes topics ranging from typhoid fever to secondary syphilis. Each case is supported by the commentary of a renowned expert in the field, allowing readers to improve their own management of these patients. Each case offers 'Clinical Tips', 'Learning Points' and 'Evidence Base' boxes to enhance the learning process along with the 'Expert Commentary', providing an inside track on how the experts approach challenging cases ranging from secondary syphilis to typhoid fever and viral haemorrhagic fever. Less

Psychiatric factors play a significant role in the ongoing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. In less than four decades, advances in HIV medical care and research have transformed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) from a rapidly fatal illness of unknown cause into a chronic, manageable illness. Vast strides have been made in clinical care and pathogenesis research in the fields of HIV prevention and psychiatric care, including pre- (PreP) and and post-exposure (PEP) prophylaxis. Although AIDS is an entirely preventable infectious illness, HIV transmission continues throughout the world. Transmission of HIV continues to be fueled by many factors, including stigma of HIV and mental illness as well as discrimination, criminalization, and risky behaviors. A comprehensive biopsychosocial approach to sexual health and mental health and diminution of stigma are key to both HIV prevention and HIV care. Integration of psychiatric care into HIV prevention and treatment entails use of a biopsychosocial approach that maintains a view of each individual with HIV as a member of a family, community, and society who deserves to be treated with dignity and compassion. This textbook provides an update on HIV medicine and psychiatry; introduces the concept of HIV/AIDS as “the great magnifier of maladies”; explores the paradoxes and disparities of HIV care; explains how HIV psychiatry is a paradigm for the psychiatric care of the medically ill (psychosomatic medicine); and sets the stage for an understanding of how integrated care can prevent transmission of HIV and reduce morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV.Less

Congenital and perinatal infections are commonly encountered in clinical practice. This book provides a summation of the data regarding infections transmitted from mother to child during the antepartum, intrapartum, or postnatal period, with the goal of providing a complete and critical review of the literature regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and management of congenital and perinatal infections. Emphasis is placed on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, key diagnostic studies, and therapeutic interventions. Individual chapters elucidate the pathogenesis of these infections, as well as high-priority areas for future research. This text will prove useful to medical students and residents, fellows, and practicing physicians in obstetrics and pediatrics, as well as family-practice physicians and specialists who care for pregnant women and newborns.Less

This resource, featuring numerous high-quality images and illustrations guiding diagnosis and case discussion, is meant to serve as a highly practical guide covering current approaches and new developments in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of a cross section of infectious diseases, including community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections.Less

Fundamentals of HIV Medicine is the nation’s most frequently utilized HIV patient care and reference textbook. Authored by leading HIV care providers, researchers, and experts, the new 2017 edition provides a comprehensive review of all facets of the medical management of individuals with HIV. The following topics are discussed in the book: epidemiology and the spread of HIV, mechanisms of HIV transmission, transmission prevention strategies, immunology, HIV elimination strategies, linkage into care, retention in care and accountable care, complementary and alternative medicine approaches, coordination of care, antiretroviral therapy, antiretroviral therapy in special populations, comorbidities and complications, social and economic issues, and clinical research.Less

Infectious disease epidemiology is the application of methods and approaches used to understand the distribution and determinants of health and disease to the study of infections. This handbook provides a comprehensive and succinct overview of the subject and covers related specialist areas needed to understand the epidemiology of infections. The book is divided into two parts. The first section introduces basic concepts in infectious disease epidemiology; how to design studies and investigate outbreaks, statistical analysis, and more specialist subjects such as economic analysis, mathematical modelling, and spatial, molecular, and immuno-epidemiology. The second half of the book describes the epidemiology of infectious diseases of global significance, either due to their current burden or their potential for causing morbidity and mortality. The handbook is organized in such a way that a reader can sequentially read chapters or dip in to revise particular concepts.Less

Infectious Diseases Emergencies is a compact reference that summarizes the key topics of those infectious disease processes that are most commonly seen in emergency departments, clinics, and urgent care facilities. The opening section reviews principles of infectious disease management and general management of severe infections in acute and emergency environments. The following sections provide a “head-to-toe” synopsis of common infections presenting in both outpatient and acute care settings, including the following human areas: central nervous system; ear, nose, and throat; ocular; cardiovascular; pulmonary; gastrointestinal; genitourinary; skin and soft tissue; and bone and joint. The concluding sections discuss vector-borne infections, infections in special populations, bioterrorism, and finally antibiotic resistance. Each chapter covers some basic elements of the disease, epidemiology, diagnosis and tests, organisms involved, treatment, and other key issues. Concisely written and consistently organized chapters outline the most useful elements of diagnosis and treatment for easy memorization and clarity.Less

Antimicrobial agents either kill (bactericidal) or inhibit (bacteriostatic) the growth of a microorganism by targeting specific unique bacterial sites or metabolic pathways. Common antibiotic adverse effects and toxicities include allergic reactions, numerous possible toxicities, alteration of human flora, drug interactions, and promoting of antibiotic resistance. Presumptive and empirical therapy relies on the clinical syndrome and anatomical site of infection. Factors to consider when choosing empirical therapy include identification of the organism, the estimated benefit to the patient, the probable susceptibility of the isolated (or suspected) pathogen based on laboratory results or local epidemiological parameters, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic considerations. Host factors, including age, immune deficiency status, and other underlying conditions, should always be considered when choosing an antibiotic. There are few absolute indications for the prophylactic use of antimicrobials, and this is one area where misuse is common. The susceptibility of common pathogens is often predictable, allowing adequate empirical treatment. The main driver for the development of antibiotic resistance is the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Bacteria may be naturally resistant or may acquire resistance by means of DNA mutation or acquisition of resistance-conferring DNA from another source (e.g. plasmids). Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance include chemical modification of antibiotics, reduced uptake into cells, active efflux from cells, target site modification, overproduction of antibiotic target, and metabolic bypass of inhibited reaction. Control of resistance may be achieved through adherence to prescribing guidelines, restriction policies that reduce the use of certain antibiotics, and antimicrobial stewardship programmes.Less

While infections have always played an important role in the history of mankind, advances in science and technology as well as rapid globalization have resulted in an unprecedented wave of new and old infections thrust into the limelight.The recent pandemic of H1N1 influenza virus infection demonstrates the recurrent theme of emerging and reemerging pathogens that continue to impact public health and patient care areas. Drug resistance among various organisms (not limited to bacteria) has unfortunately become the expectation and, not infrequently, we have been left with few or no efficacious treatment options, an experience not witnessed in more than 7 decades. Human immunodeficiency virus infection continues to challenge our abilities to provide the desired level of care in most areas of the world. Novel syndromes of infection continue to be defined as newer forms of immunosuppression and the development of unique medical devices become standard practice in all areas of medicine and surgery. For trainees and practitioners in the field of infectious diseases today, these factors mandate intense study to establish an expertise in the field that is required to provide best practices now and beyond. This board review will be pivotal in that education. This book is designed and intended primarily for infectious diseases trainees and practitioners preparing for the infectious disease subspecialty examination of the American Board of Internal Medicine. We believe that this book will also be useful to infectious diseases practitioners as well as general internists and other clinicians who desire a comprehensive but practical overview of contemporary infectious diseases topics.Less

This resource discusses how neurological complications of progressive HIV-1 infection remain a common cause of morbidity even during widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). It addresses how long-term resistance to ART, drug compliance, untoward drug side effects, a myriad of opportunistic infection, depression and other psychiatric disease manifestations, concomitant drug abuse, neuropathies, and an inability to clear viral reservoirs, explain, in large measure, disease progression and immune deterioration. It then covers the association with a number of psychiatric, muscle, nerve, infectious, as well as cognitive, behavioral, and motor disturbances seen in infected people, with a focus on the neurological complications, molecular and viral disease processes, cellular factors influencing viral replication therapeutic challenges, and the changing epidemiological patterns of disease. Less

There is an increasing number of patients who are immunocompromised either by malignancy, new therapies, or infection. This handbook aims to provide a clinically relevant guide for use by specialist trainee and consultant medical staff caring for immunocompromised patients in a hospital setting, including but not limited to the areas of infectious diseases, haematolo-gy, oncology, transplant medicine, HIV and genitourinary medicine, rheumatology, and general medicine. Divided into three sections, the handbook takes both a patient-centred approach, and a pathogen-centred approach. This includes the assessment, investigation, and management of different clinical syndromes presenting in patients with primary immunodeficiency, HIV infection, immunodeficiency as a result of therapeutic immunosuppression, haematological and solid organ malignancy, and immunodeficiency related to organ transplant. Medical conditions resulting in defective immunity (e.g. diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure) are also covered in addition to travel in the immunocompromised. Furthermore, it includes guidance on the investigation and management of viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal infections of particular relevance to the immunocompromised host.Less

Revised for its second edition to include the latest national and international guidelines, the Oxford Handbook of Expedition and Wilderness Medicine enables efficient preparation and planning before the journey, advises on camp logistics, risk management, and medical problems during the trip, as well as highlighting rare but important risks to those visiting remote areas. Focusing on preventative measures, it also contains chapters dealing with crisis management, emergency care, and evacuation from challenging environments. Now containing more guidance about the obligations of a clinician joining an expedition, and the ethical approach to such work, it also provides an increased emphasis on medicine in various extreme environments. With revised and additional illustrations, more colour plates, and an increased use of important algorithms, it has been updated with the support of the Royal Geographical Society, and incorporates the combined knowledge and experience of a team of experienced clinicians and expeditioners.Less

Reflecting the recent changes in postgraduate infection training, the Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology provides an integrated clincal infection overview. Practical and comprehensive, it builds on the first edition, covering the basics of antimicrobial therapy, bacteriology, virology, and parasitology, together with a detailed overview of clinical syndromes, diseases, and conditions. The authors are consultants in microbiology and infectious diseases in respected UK institutions and have worked together with trainees to produce a book that will be an essential companion for everyone caring for those with infection.Less

The Oxford Textbook of Infectious Disease Control discusses the issues of geographical spread of human communicable diseases. Split into six chapters it tackles surveillance, quarantine, vaccination, and forecasting for disease control. A wide selection of representative maps and diagrams are used to illustrate the ideas explored. Less

The authors are international experts in their fields, from the UK, Europe, North and South America, Asia and Australia. This book is aimed at microbiologists, research scientists, infectious diseases clinicians, respiratory physicians, and those managing immunocompromised patients, as well as mycology course students and trainees in medical microbiology and infectious diseases.Less

The Oxford Textbook of Zoonoses comprehensively provides a systematic, cross disciplinary approach to the science and control of all zoonoses - diseases naturally transmissible between vertebrate animals and man.Less

Nearly 2 million Americans develop a healthcare-associated infection each year, and some 100,000 of them die as a result. Such infections are highly preventable, particularly through the adoption and implementation of evidence-based methods for reducing patient infection at the point of care. Preventing Hospital Infections leads readers through a step-by-step description of a quality improvement intervention as it might unfold in a model hospital, pinpointing the likely obstacles and offering practical strategies for how to overcome them. It draws on the extensive personal clinical experience of the authors, including examples, anecdotes, and down-to-earth, practical guidance. Whereas most resources focus on the technical aspects of healthcare-associated infections, this title offers the first manual for effecting real, practical change. Less